Operating cogeneration units with high availability
Small but safe power packs for domestic use
A combined heat and power unit (CHP) is a modular system for the extraction of electrical energy and heat. This is operated at the point of heat consumption. It is based on the principle of combined heat and power. Combustion engines, e.g. diesel, vegetable oil or gas engines, gas turbines and Stirling engines can all be used as drive for the power generator. As with generators, the electrotechnical monitoring is based on the insulation level or on the existing fault current, depending on the supply system (IT, TN). The frequency and the voltage also need to be within a specific range in order to be able to be fed into the general power grid.
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Recommended systems for ground-fault detection (ungrounded systems):
Recommended systems for ground-fault monitoring (grounded systems):
Recommended measuring and monitoring relays:
DIN EN 60255-127
Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 127: Functional requirements for over/under voltage protection
CEI 0-21
Regola tecnica di riferimento per la connessione di Utenti attivi e passivi alle reti AT ed MT delle imprese distributrici di energia elettrica (Reference technical rules for the connection of active and passive consumers to the HV and MV electrical networks of distribution Company)
VDE-AR-N 4105
Anwendungsregel:2011-08 Erzeugungsanlagen am Niederspannungsnetz Technische Mindestanforderungen für Anschluss und Parallelbetrieb von Erzeugungsanlagen am Niederspannungsnetz
C10/11
Specifieke technische aansluitingsvoorschriften voor gedecentraliseerde productie-installaties die in parallel werken met het distributienet
BDEW-Richtlinie
DIN VDE 0126-1-1/A1
Selbsttätige Schaltstelle zwischen einer netzparallelen Eigenerzeugungsanlage und dem öffentlichen Niederspannungsnetz (Norm wurde zurückgezogen und durch DIN VDE V 0126-1-1 ersetzt)
G59/2
Recommendations for the Connection of Generating Plant to the Distribution Systems of Licensed Distribution Network Operators
G59/3
Recommendations for the Connection of Generating Plant to the Distribution Systems of Licensed Distribution Network Operators
G83/2
Recommendations for the Connection of Type Tested Small-scale Embedded Generators (up to 16A per phase) in parallel with Low Voltage Distribution Systems
G83/3
Recommendations for the Connection of Type Tested Small-scale Embedded Generators (up to 16A per phase) in parallel with Low Voltage Distribution Systems
Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 127: Functional requirements for over/under voltage protection
CEI 0-21
Regola tecnica di riferimento per la connessione di Utenti attivi e passivi alle reti AT ed MT delle imprese distributrici di energia elettrica (Reference technical rules for the connection of active and passive consumers to the HV and MV electrical networks of distribution Company)
VDE-AR-N 4105
Anwendungsregel:2011-08 Erzeugungsanlagen am Niederspannungsnetz Technische Mindestanforderungen für Anschluss und Parallelbetrieb von Erzeugungsanlagen am Niederspannungsnetz
C10/11
Specifieke technische aansluitingsvoorschriften voor gedecentraliseerde productie-installaties die in parallel werken met het distributienet
BDEW-Richtlinie
DIN VDE 0126-1-1/A1
Selbsttätige Schaltstelle zwischen einer netzparallelen Eigenerzeugungsanlage und dem öffentlichen Niederspannungsnetz (Norm wurde zurückgezogen und durch DIN VDE V 0126-1-1 ersetzt)
G59/2
Recommendations for the Connection of Generating Plant to the Distribution Systems of Licensed Distribution Network Operators
G59/3
Recommendations for the Connection of Generating Plant to the Distribution Systems of Licensed Distribution Network Operators
G83/2
Recommendations for the Connection of Type Tested Small-scale Embedded Generators (up to 16A per phase) in parallel with Low Voltage Distribution Systems
G83/3
Recommendations for the Connection of Type Tested Small-scale Embedded Generators (up to 16A per phase) in parallel with Low Voltage Distribution Systems